If I am not sore after I exercise, did it even count?

There is a pervasive belief among fitness enthusiasts that if you are not sore after a workout, you are not getting into shape or working your muscles hard enough to build strength.

But soreness is not equivalent to progress, fitness experts say. And constant soreness is not something to strive for.

“A common misconception is that soreness means a workout was effective,” said Dr Cedric Bryant, an exercise physiologist and the president and chief executive of the American Council on Exercise. “While some soreness is normal, it is not a requirement for muscle growth.”

What sore muscles mean

When your muscles feel sore a day or two after exercise, it is typically because of microscopic tears in your muscle fibres that can lead to inflammation and pain, said Dr Laura Richardson, an exercise physiologist at the University of Michigan School of Kinesiology.

As your muscles repair during the days afterwards, the pain dissipates, she said.

Muscles also often grow stronger after soreness, but that discomfort is certainly not required for muscle growth, Dr Bryant added. Many athletes do not get sore after workouts, even when they are continuing to improve their fitness and build muscle.

“This does not mean the workout was ineffective,” he said. It is usually a sign that their muscles have adapted to a regular training routine and have become “more efficient at handling the workload”, he added.

Instead of using soreness as a metric for effectiveness, monitor your progress through improvements in strength, endurance or visible muscle changes, he said.

If you are able to lift progressively heavier weights or increase the length or intensity of your cardio workouts, for instance, that is a positive sign.

Excessive soreness can even be counterproductive, Dr Bryant added. Because it is hard to exercise through pain, it can worsen your athletic performance or increase your risk for injuries, particularly if you try to compensate for sore muscles by moving in unnatural ways.

It is beneficial to give your body time to repair itself, he said.

What to do when you are sore

If you feel sore after a workout, consider easing up on your exercise routine for a few days.

Make sure to hydrate – with water; or, if you had a particularly long or vigorous workout, an electrolyte drink – because dehydration is associated with cramping, said Dr Vijay Jotwani, a sports medici...